连续概率

和&积&贝叶斯(Sum&Product&Bayes rule)

Sum: P(x)=P(x,y)dyP(x) = \int P(x,y)dy

Product: P(x,y)=P(yx)P(x)P(x,y) = P(y|x)P(x)

Bayes: P(xy)=P(yx)P(x)P(y)P(x|y)=\frac{P(y|x)P(x)}{P(y)}

常规性质(properties)

总概率为1: P(x)=1\int_{-\infty}^{\infty} P(x) = 1

概率为非负: P(x)R   and   P(x)0P(x) \in \mathbb{R} \ \ \ and \ \ \ P(x) \geq 0

常用运算

期望(Expectation): E((x))=P(x)f(x)dxE(\int (x)) = \int P(x)f(x)dx

方差(Variance): var(f(x))=E[(f(x)E[f(x)])2]=E[f(x)2]E[f(x)]2var(f(x)) = E[(f(x)-E[f(x)])^2] = E[f(x)^2]-E[f(x)]^2

协方差(Covariance): cov[x,y]=Ex,y(xy)E(x)E(y)cov[x,y] = E_{x,y}(xy) - E(x)E(y)

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